<div class="grid grid-cols-article-mobile md:max-w-[750px] md:grid-cols-article md:max-w-screen-sm" data-article-body="true">When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission.<figure class="relative col-body mb-4"><div class="relative"><img alt=" A series of six images showing blurry photos with different colors at the top and streaks of light at the bottom. " loading="lazy" width="960" height="540" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="fig-image-round" style="color:transparent" src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/BzIN22Vb18ASjfE5dhTPmw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTU0MA--/https://media.zenfs.com/en/space_311/76f2ad6b20bf1ffd4145b9880359f7fb"><button aria-label="View larger image" class="group absolute bottom-3 right-3 size-10 md:size-[50px] lg:inset-0 lg:size-full lg:bg-transparent" data-ylk="elm:expand;itc:1;sec:image-lightbox;slk:lightbox-open;"><span class="absolute bottom-0 right-0 rounded-full bg-white p-3 opacity-100 shadow-elevation-3 transition-opacity duration-300 group-hover:block group-hover:opacity-100 md:p-[17px] lg:bottom-6 lg:right-6 lg:bg-white/90 lg:p-5 lg:opacity-0 lg:shadow-none"><svg viewbox="0 0 22 22" aria-hidden="true" class="size-4 lg:size-6" width="22" height="22"><path d="M12.372.92c0-.506.41-.916.915-.916L21 0l-.004 7.712a.917.917 0 0 1-1.832 0V3.183l-6.827 6.828-1.349-1.348 6.828-6.828h-4.529a.915.915 0 0 1-.915-.915M1.835 17.816l6.828-6.828 1.349 1.349-6.829 6.827h4.529a.915.915 0 0 1 0 1.831L0 21l.004-7.713a.916.916 0 0 1 1.831 0z"></path></svg></button><dialog aria-label="Modal Dialog" aria-modal="true" class="fixed inset-0 z-[4] size-full max-h-none max-w-none bg-white hidden"></dialog></div><figcaption class="relative text-[0.875rem]/[1.25rem] figure-caption mt-1 line-clamp-2 pr-2.5"><div>From left to right: Images of the galaxy NGC 1068, Jupiter's moon Io and Wolf-Rayet star 137, before (top) and after (bottom) AI sharpening. | Credit: Max Charles/University of Sydney</div></figcaption></figure>Telescope has been suffering from blurry vision.But a team of Australian researchers created an <a href="https://www.space.com/tag/artificial-intelligence" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:AI algorithm;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">AI algorithm</a> that fixes the problem — a major relief for the scientific community, which hopes to use the instrument to search for <a href="https://www.space.com/17738-exoplanets.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:exoplanets;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">exoplanets</a> around stars in our <a href="https://www.space.com/19915-milky-way-galaxy.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:Milky Way;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">Milky Way</a> galaxy.The affected instrument is the Aperture Masking Interferometer (API), designed and built by a team of astronomers led by Professor Peter Tuthill from the University of Sydney in Australia. API is not one of the main four instruments on the <a href="https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:James Webb Space Telescope;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (JWST) but a device that enables a special type of imaging on one of the observatory's main instruments — the Near-InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS).API allows NIRISS to combine light from different sections of the telescope's main mirror to increase the instrument's sensitivity and resolution. The API component, consisting of an opaque mask with seven holes, was specifically designed to look for small and dim exoplanets around distant <a href="https://www.space.com/57-stars-formation-classification-and-constellations.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:stars;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">stars</a>. But when astronomers first turned on the instrument, they found the images were coming back blurry.The issue was reminiscent of a major flaw in the optics of Webb's predecessor, the <a href="https://www.space.com/15892-hubble-space-telescope.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:Hubble Space Telescope;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">Hubble Space Telescope</a>, which was shown to be noticeably near-sighted after reaching orbit in 1990. Hubble's defect stemmed from imperfections in its primary mirror, and the fix required a crewed space mission costing hundreds of millions of dollars. In 1993, a team of astronauts mounted a set of corrective mirrors in front of the telescope's sensors to allow it to produce images of the expected quality.For Webb, however, such a mission is out of the question. Hubble orbits about 320 miles (515 kilometers) above Earth, barely 70 miles (110 km) above the <a href="https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:International Space Station;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">International Space Station</a>. Webb, however, accompanies the planet at a distance of 930,000 miles (1.5 million km), which is more than three times farther away from Earth than <a href="https://www.space.com/55-earths-moon-formation-composition-and-orbit.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:the moon;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">the moon</a>. No human space mission has ever flown that far.The blurriness in Webb's API images was traced to electronic distortions arising on Webb's infrared camera detector.To fix the problem, former University of Sydney Ph.D. students Max Charles and Louis Desdoigts developed a neural network, a type of AI algorithm inspired by the functioning of the human brain, that detects and corrects the pixels affected by the electrical charges distorting the observations.The algorithm, called AMIGO (for Aperture Masking Interferometry Generative Observations), has shown to work remarkably well."Instead of sending astronauts to bolt on new parts, they managed to fix things with code," Tuthill said <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/10/251027023748.htm" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:in a statement;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">in a statement</a>.The researchers demonstrated AMIGO's sharpening skills on images of a dim exoplanet and a very cool, low-mass star (a red-brown dwarf) some 133 <a href="https://www.space.com/light-year.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:light-years;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">light-years</a> from Earth. In another imaging campaign, API, assisted by AMIGO, was able to produce detailed images of a <a href="https://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:black hole;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">black hole</a> jet, the volcanic surface of <a href="https://www.space.com/16419-io-facts-about-jupiters-volcanic-moon.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" data-ylk="slk:Jupiter's moon Io;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas" class="link ">Jupiter's moon Io</a>, and stellar winds emanating from a distant variable star."This work brings JWST's vision into even sharper focus," Desdoigts, who is now a postdoctoral researcher at Leiden University in the Netherlands, said in the statement. "It's incredibly rewarding to see a software solution extend the telescope's scientific reach.”The James Webb Space Telescope, operational since July 2022, has revolutionized astronomy, revealing unexpected details about the formation of early galaxies and black holes. It has also made significant contributions to the study of exoplanets, making unprecedented measurements of the composition of their atmospheres. With API at full speed now, Webb is set for even more mind-boggling discoveries.</div>

How AI fixed the James Webb Space Telescope's blurry vision

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